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Car lights: traffic lights installed on automobiles to ensure safe driving. There are two types of lights and signal lamps. In 1905 ~ 1912, in order to solve the road lighting ahead, the spotlight type acetylene headlamp was installed, and a kerosene lamp was equipped as the rear plate lamp. From 1945 to 1947, the minimum necessary external lamps were finalized. Qualified automobile lights shall conform to the corresponding luminosity, chroma and basic environmental test specifications. 1. Headlight: The main use of headlight is to light the road and objects in front of the car to ensure driving safety. It can also use the alternating transformation of far light and near light as the night overtaking signal. Headlights are mounted on either side of the head of the car, two or four per car. The bulb power is 45~60W for high beam and 25~55W for near light.
2. Fog lights: fog lights are installed near or slightly lower than headlights. It is in fog, snow, heavy rain or dust and other conditions of low visibility, as the road lighting and to provide signals for oncoming cars. The light is mostly yellow, which is because the yellow light wave is longer and has good fog-penetrating performance. The bulb power is generally 35W.
3. Reverse light: the reverse light is installed at the rear of the car and is used to illuminate the road behind the car and inform the vehicle and pedestrians that the vehicle is reversing or preparing to reverse. It doubles as a light signal device. The light is white and the power is 28W.
4. License plate light: license plate light is installed above the rear license plate of the car, which is used to illuminate the rear license plate of the vehicle. The number on the license plate must be visible 20 meters behind the car at night. The light is white, and the power is generally 8~10W.
5, overhead light: installed in the cab or the top of the car, for the cab lighting lamps. The top light is white, the lampshade is mostly made of transparent plastic, and the bulb power is generally 5~8W.
6, instrument lamp: it is instrument lighting tools, often connected with the instrument panel. The light is white, and the bulb power is generally 2~8w.
7, step lamp: it is used to light the step of the door, convenient for passengers to get on and off the lamp. The light is white, and the bulb power is generally 5~8W.
8. Suitcase light: It is the light in the luggage of the car. The light is white and the power is 5~8w.
9, tool light: it is used in the repair of the car, the car is equipped with a working light socket, with a mobile lamp with wire. The light is white, and the bulb power is generally 8~20W.
Lamps should provide good illumination and minimize glare. For headlights, in order to take into account the above two requirements, the use of far light and near light two conditions. Far beam is a long distance illumination beam used when there is no car ahead or not following other cars. It is generated by a powerful main filament located at the focus of the reflector. The beam direction is approximately horizontal. It is usually stipulated that the maximum intensity of a single lamp should not be less than 20,000 candelas. In order to ensure driving safety, the distant lighting distance (the distance to find and identify obstacles) should be greater than the braking distance to achieve timely stopping. Since the intensity of the far beam required is approximately proportional to the fourth power of the speed, most countries impose speed limits. In addition, in order not to cause the driver to lose recognition ability for a short time due to the great difference between light and dark, the total maximum luminescence intensity of all headlights shall not exceed 225,000 candela. Near light is a light beam used in close range when rendezvous or following other vehicles. It is generated by a low power secondary filament and is projected downward because it deviates from the focus and optical axis of the reflector. In order to limit the beam above the horizontal direction, a metal light shield is usually installed under the sub-filament, so as to form a light shape with sharp changes in the vertical screen. When the car is intersecting, the driver's eyes are located in the near light shape dark area, so as to minimize the glare.